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Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA “A‐Train” satellite observations

Identifieur interne : 005683 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 005682; suivant : 005684

Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA “A‐Train” satellite observations

Auteurs : Jonathan H. Jiang [États-Unis] ; Hui Su [États-Unis] ; Chengxing Zhai [États-Unis] ; Vincent S. Perun [États-Unis] ; Anthony Del Genio [États-Unis] ; Larissa S. Nazarenko [États-Unis] ; Leo J. Donner [États-Unis] ; Larry Horowitz [États-Unis] ; Charles Seman [États-Unis] ; Jason Cole [Canada] ; Andrew Gettelman [États-Unis] ; Mark A. Ringer [Royaume-Uni] ; Leon Rotstayn [Australie] ; Stephen Jeffrey [Australie] ; Tongwen Wu [République populaire de Chine] ; Florent Brient [France] ; Jean-Louis Dufresne [France] ; Hideaki Kawai [Japon] ; Tsuyoshi Koshiro [Japon] ; Masahiro Watanabe [Japon] ; Tristan S. Lécuyer [États-Unis] ; Evgeny M. Volodin [Russie] ; Trond Iversen [Norvège] ; Helge Drange [Norvège] ; Michel D. S. Mesquita [Norvège] ; William G. Read [États-Unis] ; Joe W. Waters [États-Unis] ; Baijun Tian [États-Unis] ; Joao Teixeira [États-Unis] ; Graeme L. Stephens [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:E060ECC1441E1D8892ECC51A5753E3308BE4E59D

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Using NASA's A‐Train satellite measurements, we evaluate the accuracy of cloud water content (CWC) and water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) outputs from 19 climate models submitted to the Phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and assess improvements relative to their counterparts for the earlier CMIP3. We find more than half of the models show improvements from CMIP3 to CMIP5 in simulating column‐integrated cloud amount, while changes in water vapor simulation are insignificant. For the 19 CMIP5 models, the model spreads and their differences from the observations are larger in the upper troposphere (UT) than in the lower or middle troposphere (L/MT). The modeled mean CWCs over tropical oceans range from ∼3% to ∼15× of the observations in the UT and 40% to 2× of the observations in the L/MT. For modeled H2Os, the mean values over tropical oceans range from ∼1% to 2× of the observations in the UT and within 10% of the observations in the L/MT. The spatial distributions of clouds at 215 hPa are relatively well‐correlated with observations, noticeably better than those for the L/MT clouds. Although both water vapor and clouds are better simulated in the L/MT than in the UT, there is no apparent correlation between the model biases in clouds and water vapor. Numerical scores are used to compare different model performances in regards to spatial mean, variance and distribution of CWC and H2O over tropical oceans. Model performances at each pressure level are ranked according to the average of all the relevant scores for that level.

Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2011JD017237


Affiliations:


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<date type="published" when="2012-07-27">2012-07-27</date>
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<idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno>
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<term>Airs</term>
<term>Aogcm</term>
<term>Aqua</term>
<term>Atmos</term>
<term>Atmospheric research</term>
<term>Aura</term>
<term>Bccr</term>
<term>Bccr bcm2</term>
<term>Bcm2</term>
<term>Best estimate</term>
<term>Better agreement</term>
<term>Boundary layer</term>
<term>California institute</term>
<term>Cam5</term>
<term>Canesm2</term>
<term>Cccma</term>
<term>Cccma canesm2</term>
<term>Cccma canesm2 cnrm</term>
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<term>Cgcm3</term>
<term>Cgcm3 ncar cam5</term>
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<term>Climate modeling</term>
<term>Climate models</term>
<term>Climate research</term>
<term>Climate sensitivity</term>
<term>Clivi</term>
<term>Cloud microphysics</term>
<term>Cloudsat</term>
<term>Cloudsat nopcp</term>
<term>Clwvi</term>
<term>Cm5a</term>
<term>Cmip3</term>
<term>Cmip3 counterparts</term>
<term>Cmip3 models</term>
<term>Cmip5</term>
<term>Cmip5 climate models</term>
<term>Cmip5 model</term>
<term>Cmip5 models</term>
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<term>Convective</term>
<term>Csiro</term>
<term>Csiro gfdl</term>
<term>Csm1</term>
<term>Csm1 cccma</term>
<term>Data sets</term>
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<term>Gfdl models</term>
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<term>Giss giss</term>
<term>Giss models</term>
<term>Giwc</term>
<term>Global</term>
<term>Gray area</term>
<term>Gray band</term>
<term>Grid</term>
<term>Hadgem2</term>
<term>High latitude</term>
<term>High latitudes</term>
<term>Indirect aerosol effect</term>
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<term>Ipsl</term>
<term>Ipsl cm5a</term>
<term>Ipsl cm5a miroc miroc4h miroc miroc5</term>
<term>Jiang</term>
<term>Large spread</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Liquid clouds</term>
<term>Longitude latitude</term>
<term>Lower troposphere</term>
<term>Lwps</term>
<term>Measurement uncertainties</term>
<term>Meteorol</term>
<term>Microphysics</term>
<term>Middle troposphere</term>
<term>Midlatitude</term>
<term>Midlatitudes</term>
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<term>Miroc5</term>
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<term>Model description</term>
<term>Model differences</term>
<term>Model outputs</term>
<term>Model performance</term>
<term>Model performances</term>
<term>Model simulations</term>
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<term>Numerical values</term>
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<term>Performance scores</term>
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<term>Precipitation</term>
<term>Pressure level</term>
<term>Pressure levels</term>
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<term>Simulation</term>
<term>Space studies</term>
<term>Spatial</term>
<term>Spatial correlation</term>
<term>Spatial correlations</term>
<term>Spatial distributions</term>
<term>Spatial variance</term>
<term>Spatial variances</term>
<term>Spatial variations</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard deviations</term>
<term>Stratiform clouds</term>
<term>Taylor diagram</term>
<term>Taylor diagrams</term>
<term>Total water vapor content</term>
<term>Tropics</term>
<term>Tropopause</term>
<term>Troposphere</term>
<term>Tropospheric</term>
<term>Ukmo</term>
<term>Ukmo hadgem2</term>
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<term>Upper tropospheric water vapor</term>
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<term>Vertical integral</term>
<term>Vertical profiles</term>
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<term>Water content</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract">Using NASA's A‐Train satellite measurements, we evaluate the accuracy of cloud water content (CWC) and water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) outputs from 19 climate models submitted to the Phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and assess improvements relative to their counterparts for the earlier CMIP3. We find more than half of the models show improvements from CMIP3 to CMIP5 in simulating column‐integrated cloud amount, while changes in water vapor simulation are insignificant. For the 19 CMIP5 models, the model spreads and their differences from the observations are larger in the upper troposphere (UT) than in the lower or middle troposphere (L/MT). The modeled mean CWCs over tropical oceans range from ∼3% to ∼15× of the observations in the UT and 40% to 2× of the observations in the L/MT. For modeled H2Os, the mean values over tropical oceans range from ∼1% to 2× of the observations in the UT and within 10% of the observations in the L/MT. The spatial distributions of clouds at 215 hPa are relatively well‐correlated with observations, noticeably better than those for the L/MT clouds. Although both water vapor and clouds are better simulated in the L/MT than in the UT, there is no apparent correlation between the model biases in clouds and water vapor. Numerical scores are used to compare different model performances in regards to spatial mean, variance and distribution of CWC and H2O over tropical oceans. Model performances at each pressure level are ranked according to the average of all the relevant scores for that level.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Russie</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Colorado</li>
<li>District fédéral central</li>
<li>New Jersey</li>
<li>Région de Kantō</li>
<li>Wisconsin</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
<li>Østlandet</li>
</region>
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<li>Moscou</li>
<li>Oslo</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Pékin</li>
<li>Tokyo</li>
</settlement>
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<li>Université de Tokyo</li>
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<name sortKey="Jiang, Jonathan H" sort="Jiang, Jonathan H" uniqKey="Jiang J" first="Jonathan H." last="Jiang">Jonathan H. Jiang</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Del Genio, Anthony" sort="Del Genio, Anthony" uniqKey="Del Genio A" first="Anthony" last="Del Genio">Anthony Del Genio</name>
<name sortKey="Donner, Leo J" sort="Donner, Leo J" uniqKey="Donner L" first="Leo J." last="Donner">Leo J. Donner</name>
<name sortKey="Gettelman, Andrew" sort="Gettelman, Andrew" uniqKey="Gettelman A" first="Andrew" last="Gettelman">Andrew Gettelman</name>
<name sortKey="Horowitz, Larry" sort="Horowitz, Larry" uniqKey="Horowitz L" first="Larry" last="Horowitz">Larry Horowitz</name>
<name sortKey="Lecuyer, Tristan S" sort="Lecuyer, Tristan S" uniqKey="Lecuyer T" first="Tristan S." last="Lécuyer">Tristan S. Lécuyer</name>
<name sortKey="Nazarenko, Larissa S" sort="Nazarenko, Larissa S" uniqKey="Nazarenko L" first="Larissa S." last="Nazarenko">Larissa S. Nazarenko</name>
<name sortKey="Perun, Vincent S" sort="Perun, Vincent S" uniqKey="Perun V" first="Vincent S." last="Perun">Vincent S. Perun</name>
<name sortKey="Read, William G" sort="Read, William G" uniqKey="Read W" first="William G." last="Read">William G. Read</name>
<name sortKey="Seman, Charles" sort="Seman, Charles" uniqKey="Seman C" first="Charles" last="Seman">Charles Seman</name>
<name sortKey="Stephens, Graeme L" sort="Stephens, Graeme L" uniqKey="Stephens G" first="Graeme L." last="Stephens">Graeme L. Stephens</name>
<name sortKey="Su, Hui" sort="Su, Hui" uniqKey="Su H" first="Hui" last="Su">Hui Su</name>
<name sortKey="Teixeira, Joao" sort="Teixeira, Joao" uniqKey="Teixeira J" first="Joao" last="Teixeira">Joao Teixeira</name>
<name sortKey="Tian, Baijun" sort="Tian, Baijun" uniqKey="Tian B" first="Baijun" last="Tian">Baijun Tian</name>
<name sortKey="Waters, Joe W" sort="Waters, Joe W" uniqKey="Waters J" first="Joe W." last="Waters">Joe W. Waters</name>
<name sortKey="Zhai, Chengxing" sort="Zhai, Chengxing" uniqKey="Zhai C" first="Chengxing" last="Zhai">Chengxing Zhai</name>
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<country name="Canada">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Cole, Jason" sort="Cole, Jason" uniqKey="Cole J" first="Jason" last="Cole">Jason Cole</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ringer, Mark A" sort="Ringer, Mark A" uniqKey="Ringer M" first="Mark A." last="Ringer">Mark A. Ringer</name>
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<country name="Australie">
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<name sortKey="Rotstayn, Leon" sort="Rotstayn, Leon" uniqKey="Rotstayn L" first="Leon" last="Rotstayn">Leon Rotstayn</name>
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<name sortKey="Jeffrey, Stephen" sort="Jeffrey, Stephen" uniqKey="Jeffrey S" first="Stephen" last="Jeffrey">Stephen Jeffrey</name>
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<country name="République populaire de Chine">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Wu, Tongwen" sort="Wu, Tongwen" uniqKey="Wu T" first="Tongwen" last="Wu">Tongwen Wu</name>
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</country>
<country name="France">
<region name="Île-de-France">
<name sortKey="Brient, Florent" sort="Brient, Florent" uniqKey="Brient F" first="Florent" last="Brient">Florent Brient</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Dufresne, Jean Ouis" sort="Dufresne, Jean Ouis" uniqKey="Dufresne J" first="Jean-Louis" last="Dufresne">Jean-Louis Dufresne</name>
</country>
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<name sortKey="Kawai, Hideaki" sort="Kawai, Hideaki" uniqKey="Kawai H" first="Hideaki" last="Kawai">Hideaki Kawai</name>
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<name sortKey="Koshiro, Tsuyoshi" sort="Koshiro, Tsuyoshi" uniqKey="Koshiro T" first="Tsuyoshi" last="Koshiro">Tsuyoshi Koshiro</name>
<name sortKey="Watanabe, Masahiro" sort="Watanabe, Masahiro" uniqKey="Watanabe M" first="Masahiro" last="Watanabe">Masahiro Watanabe</name>
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<name sortKey="Volodin, Evgeny M" sort="Volodin, Evgeny M" uniqKey="Volodin E" first="Evgeny M." last="Volodin">Evgeny M. Volodin</name>
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</country>
<country name="Norvège">
<region name="Østlandet">
<name sortKey="Iversen, Trond" sort="Iversen, Trond" uniqKey="Iversen T" first="Trond" last="Iversen">Trond Iversen</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Drange, Helge" sort="Drange, Helge" uniqKey="Drange H" first="Helge" last="Drange">Helge Drange</name>
<name sortKey="Mesquita, Michel D S" sort="Mesquita, Michel D S" uniqKey="Mesquita M" first="Michel D. S." last="Mesquita">Michel D. S. Mesquita</name>
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